Serum insulin, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and gallstone disease among type 2 diabetics in Chinese population: A community-based study in Kinmen, Taiwan

Table 2 Multiple logistic regression of association between baseline serum insulin, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and GSD among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen

Variables	GSD (yes vs no)
	Male			Female
	OR	(95%CI)	P	OR	(95%CI)	P
			for trend test			for trend test
Model I
Age (≥65 vs ＜65 years)	1.04	(1.00-1.09)	-	1.05	(1.02-1.09)	-
Obesity (yes vs no)	-	-	-	2.35	(1.04-5.62)	-
Central obesity(yes vs no)	2.66	(1.01-6.99)	-	-	-	-
Serum insulin (μU/mL)
2ndvs 1st quartile	0.39	(0.08-1.99)		1.47	(0.44-4.87)
3rdvs 1st quartile	0.52	(0.14-1.95)	0.51	2.01	(0.68-5.96)
4thvs 1st quartile	0.56	(0.16-2.04)		4.46	(1.71-11.66)
Model II
Age (≥65 vs ＜65 years)	1.04	(1.02-1.09)	-	1.06	(1.02-1.10)	-
Obesity (yes vs no)	-	-	-	2.25	(1.02-5.52)	-
Central obesity(yes vs no)	2.68	(1.03-6.97)	-	-	-	-
Log HOMA IR
2ndvs 1st quartile	0.79	(0.22-2.78)		1.63	(0.49-5.43)
3rdvs 1st quartile	0.53	(0.07-1.51)	0.18	1.63	(0.55-4.82)	0.02
4thvs 1st quartile	0.68	(0.20-2.36)		2.81	(1.03-7.91)
Model III
Age (≥65 vs ＜65 years)	1.05	(1.00-1.10)	-	1.05	(1.01-1.09)	-
Obesity (yes vs no)	-	-	-	2.58	(1.09-6.13)	-
Central obesity(yes vs no)	2.82	(1.03-7.69)	-	-	-	-
Log HOMA β-cell
2ndvs 1st quartile	0.94	(0.60-9.97)		0.45	(0.10-2.09)
3rdvs 1st quartile	0.78	(0.15-4.09)	0.14	0.17	(0.02-1.31)	0.01
4thvs 1 quartile	0.32	(0.04-2.89)		0.16	(0.03-1.70)

Other independent variables controlled in model included age, type of cases, SBP, DBP, cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN, uric acid, AST, and ALT.