Associations between &gamma;-glutamyl transferase, metabolic abnormalities and inflammation in healthy subjects from a population-based cohort: A possible implication for oxidative stress

doi:10.3748/wjg.v11.i45.7109

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Clinical Research

World J Gastroenterol. Dec 7, 2005; 11(45): 7109-7117
Published online Dec 7, 2005. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i45.7109

Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of all the patients, according to liver enzyme tertiles (left); associations of the variables listed with liver enzyme levels, as a continuous variable, by unadjusted linear regression analyses (right)

	AST	1^st tertile ( ≤14 U/L)	2^nd tertile (>14 ≤19 U/L)	3^rd tertile (>19 U/L)	β; 95%CI
Number		452	440	447
Age (yr)		54.0±5.8	54.7±5.8	55.0±5.5	0.08; 0.002	0.15
Male (%)		31.9	34.1	47.2	1.88; 1.00	2.76
Alcoholics (%)		41.6	45.0	51.8	1.28; 0.42	2.14
Alcohol (g/day within drinkers)		14.4±8.7	15.8±8.9	16.3±8.5	0.03; -0.05	0.11
Ever smokers (%)		48.3	40.2	41.4	-0.41; -1.27	0.45
BMI (kg/m²)		26.3±5.1	26.1±4.4	27.1±4.9	0.13; 0.04	0.22
Waist (cm)		88.6±13.4	89.3±12.4	92.5±13.0	0.09; 0.06	0.12
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)		132.1±15.3	132.8±16.2	134.8±16.3	0.034; 0.007	0.06
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)		82.3±8.7	82.9±9.5	83.7±9.6	0.05;-0.02	0.078
Uric acid (mmol/L)		178.4±53.5	190.3±59.5	208.2±59.5	0.04;-0.007	0.087
Insulin (pmol/L)		10.2 (0.6-259.8)	10.8 (1.2-137.4)	11.4 (0.6-409.8)	0.74; 0.26	1.22
HOMA insulin resistance (mU/mL×mmol/L)		0.40 (0.02-31.8)	0.44 (0.05-16.6)	0.47 (0.02-25.9)	0.74; 0.30	1.18
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)		5.8±1.9	5.6±1.2	5.9±1.7	0.27; 0.0	0.54
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)		1.6±0.4	1.6±0.4	1.6±0.4	-0.46;-1.69	0.77
Triglycerides (mmol/L)		1.2 (0.5-5.2)	1.3 (0.6-8.7)	1.4 (0.4-5.4)	1.45; 0.5	2.5
Hs-CRP (mg/L)		1.40 (0.20-50.8)	1.30 (0.20-49.5)	1.60 (0.10-130.9)	0.33;-0.07	0.73
Metabolic syndrome (%)		20.1	19.3	26.4	1.54; 0.5	2.6
	ALT	1^st tertile ( ≤14 U/L)	2^nd tertile(>14 ≤22 U/L)	3^rd tertile(>22 U/L)	β; 95%CI
Number		444	459	436
Age (yr)		53.8±5.9	55.2±5.7	54.6±5.4	0.03; -0.09	0.16
Male (%)		23.4	35.1	55.0	5.1; 3.7	6.6
Alcoholics (%)		45.5	44.2	48.7	0.97; -0.46	2.4
Alcohol (g/day within drinkers)		15.2±8.4	16.0±9.0	15.5±8.8	0.03; -0.10	0.17
Ever smokers (%)		42.9	42.3	44.9	-0.07; -1.5	1.4
BMI (kg/m²)		25.0±4.5	26.6±4.6	28.0±4.9	0.69; 0.55	0.83
Waist (cm)		85.4±12.9	89.7±12.1	95.3±12.3	0.29; 0.23	0.35
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)		131.1±16.0	133.0±15.3	135.5±16.3	0.09; 0.05	0.13
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)		81.7±9.3	82.8±8.8	84.4±9.5	0.15; 0.07	0.23
Uric acid (mmol/L)		172.5±53.5	190.3±53.5	214.1±59.5	0.05; 0.04	0.06
Insulin (pmol/L)		10.2 (0.6-151.2)	10.8 (0.6-409.8)	15.0 (0.6-244.2)	3.4; 2.6	4.2
HOMA insulin resistance (mU/mL×mmol/L)		0.38 (0.02-14.3)	0.43 (0.02-31.8)	0.63 (0.02-19.9)	3.5; 2.8	4.2
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)		5.5±1.4	5.6±1.2	6.1±2.1	1.5; 1.1	1.9
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)		1.6±0.4	1.6±0.3	1.5±0.3	-6.8; -8.8	-4.8
Triglycerides (mmol/L)		1.2 (0.5-8.0)	1.3 (0.4-8.7)	1.5 (0.5-5.4)	5.8; 4.2	7.4
Hs-CRP (mg/L)		1.10 (0.10-50.8)	1.40 (0.20-49.5)	1.60 (0.10-130.9	1.4; 0.8	2.1
Metabolic syndrome (%)		12.8	21.1	32.1	5.5; 3.8	7.2
	GGT	1^st tertile ( ≤12 U/L)	2^nd tertile (>12 ≤20 U/L)	3^rd tertile(>20 U/L)	β; 95%CI
Number		412	460	467
Age (yr)		53.6±5.5	54.8±5.8	55.1±5.7	0.009; 0.003	0.015
Male (%)		15.5	38.9	56.1	0.43; 0.37	0.50
Alcoholics (%)		36.6	47.9	52.7	0.15; 0.08	0.22
Alcohol (g/day within drinkers)		14.1±7.9	15.0±9.0	16.9±8.8	0.013; 0.007	0.019
Ever smokers (%)		36.9	43.6	48.8	0.13; 0.06	0.20
BMI (kg/m²)		24.9±4.2	26.7±4.7	27.7±5.0	0.03; 0.02	0.04
Waist (cm)		84.4±12.5	90.4±12.4	94.8±12.2	0.016; 0.014	0.018
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)		129.7±15.0	133.4±15.4	136.1±16.8	0.006; 0.004	0.008
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)		81.5±8.7	82.8±9.3	84.4±9.6	0.009; 0.005	0.013
Uric acid (mmol/L)		166.5±47.6	190.3±59.5	214.1±59.5	0.0037;0.003	0.004
Insulin (pmol/L)		10.2 (0.6-120.0)	10.8 (1.2-409.8)	13.8 (0.6-396.0)	0.13; 0.09	0.17
HOMA insulin resistance (mU/mL×mmol/L)		0.37 (0.02-5.13)	0.43 (0.04-25.9)	0.60 (0.02-31.8)	0.14; 0.10	0.18
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)		5.4±1.1	5.7±1.4	6.1±2.1	0.09; 0.07	0.11
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)		1.7±0.3	1.6±0.3	1.5±0.3	-0.32;-0.22	-0.42
Triglycerides (mmol/L)		1.1 (0.4-4.4)	1.3 (0.4-8.7)	1.5 (0.6-8.0)	0.44; 0.36	0.52
Hs-CRP (mg/L)		1.00 (0.10-20.0)	1.40 (0.20-50.8)	1.80 (0.20-130.9)	0.12; 0.09	0.15
Metabolic syndrome (%)		11.6	20.2	32.8	0.35; 0.27	0.43

Median (range) is reported for not-normally distributed variables; their log-transformed values and log-GGT values are used in the analyses.

Citation: Bo S, Gambino R, Durazzo M, Guidi S, Tiozzo E, Ghione F, Gentile L, Cassader M, Pagano GF. Associations between γ-glutamyl transferase, metabolic abnormalities and inflammation in healthy subjects from a population-based cohort: A possible implication for oxidative stress. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11(45): 7109-7117
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v11/i45/7109.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i45.7109