Grapefruit-seed extract attenuates ethanol-and stress-induced gastric lesions via activation of prostaglandin, nitric oxide and sensory nerve pathways

Table 2 Effect of vehicle (saline) and GSE applied i.g. in graded concentrations ranging from 8 mg/kg up to 64 mg/kg on the MDA concentration and SOD activity in the gastric mucosa in rats exposed to 100% ethanol or those subjected to 3.5 h of WRS. Results are mean±SE from 6 determinations on 6–8 animals

Type of test	MDA concentration	SOD activity
	(nmol/g)	(unit/g)
Intact	0.5 ± 0.02	733 ± 43
Vehicle+ethanol	14.8  ± 2.3a	425 ± 32a
Vehicle+WRS	16.8 ± 2.3a	425 ± 32a
GSE (mg/kg i.g.)+ethanol
8	13.7 ± 2.3	438 ± 37
16	10.4 ± 2.8c	549 ± 38c
32	8.3 ± 0.9c	675 ± 40c
64	6.6 ± 0.7c	695 ± 43c
GSE (mg/kg i.g.)+WRS
8	15.7 ± 2.6c	438 ± 37c
16	13.4 ± 2.3c	549 ± 38c
32	10.3 ± 1.9c	675 ± 40c
64	8.6 ± 0.8c	695 ± 43c

^aP < 0.05 vs intact,

^cP < 0.05 vs vehicle+ethanol or vehicle+WRS.