Multidimensional assessment of neuro-psychiatric symptoms in patients with low-grade hepatic encephalopathy: A clinical rating scale

Table 2 Frequency of neuro-psychiatric symptoms in patients with LC

	Neuro-psychiatric symptoms	Mode of assessment	Cumulative percent of patients showing slight, moderate, or severe symptoms		Percent of slight symptoms
			%	95%CI
	Adiadochokinesiar		72.5	56.11-85.40	45.0
Neurological and	Bradykinesia	r	75.0	58.8-87.31	50.0
psychomotor symptoms	Dysmetria of upper extremities	r	47.5	31.53-63-87	22.5
	Asterixisr	r	30.0	16.56-46.53	20.0
	Facial and head hypomobility	r	60.0	43.33-75.14	50.0
	Postural tremor	r	32.5	18.57-49.13	30.0
	Increased tendon reflexes	r	45.0	29.26-61.51	35.0
	Dysarthria	r	20.0	9.05-35.65	10.0
	Rigidity	r	25.0	12.69-41.20	22.5
	Gait ataxia	r	37.5	22.73-54.50	27.5
	Oculomotor deficits	r	22.5	10.84-38.45	17.5
	Delay in responding verbally	r	35.0	20.63-51.68	32.5
	Reduced speech velocity	r	22.5	10.84-38.45	20.0
	Reduced modulation of voice	r	40.0	24.86-56.67	37.5
Cognitive symptoms	Memory decline	s/r	57.5	40.89-72.96	35.0
	Attention deficits	s/r	47.5	31.51-63.87	32.5
	Concentration deficits	s/r	45.0	29.26-61.51	30.0
	Impaired apperception	s/r	25.0	12.69-41.20	20.0
	Impaired calculation	r	22.5	10.84-38.45	10.0
Affective symptoms	Energy deficit (lack of drive)	s	65.0	48.32-79.37	30.0
	Affective lability	s/r	52.5	36.13-68.49	25.0
	Depressive mood	s/r	40.0	24.86-56.67	27.5
	Interest deficits	s	32.5	18.57-49.13	12.5
	Anhedonia	s	20.0	9.05-35.65	12.5
	Feeling of loss of feeling	s	25.0	12.69-41.20	25.0
Behavioral symptoms	Reduction of working ability	s	87.5	73.20-95.81	25.0
	Social withdrawal	s	50.0	33.80-66.20	15.0
Bioregulatory symptoms	Recurrent drowsiness	s	82.5	67.22-92.66	15.0
	Impaired sleep initiation	s	62.5	45.80-77.27	25.0
	Increased daily sleep	s	72.5	56.11-85.40	27.5
	Interrupted sleep	s	60.0	43.33-75.14	17.5
	Sexual dysfunction (total)	s	72.5	56.11-85.40	5.0
	Women (n = 12)		66.6	34.89-90.08	16.7
	Men (n = 28)		75.0	55.13-89.21	0.0

CI: confidence interval; r: evaluation by rater; s: assessment based on patient’s self-report.