Severity of ultrasonographic liver steatosis and metabolic syndrome in Korean men and women

Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of 557 men and 465 women with different severities of ultrasonographic liver steatosis

Characteristics	Ultrasonographic liver steatosis
	Men				P for trend	Women					P for trend
	Absent	Mild	Moderate	Severe		Absent	Mild	Moderate	Severe
	(n = 240)	(n = 133)	(n = 165)	(n = 19)		(n = 275)	(n = 87)	(n = 93)	(n = 10)
Age (yr)	51.6 ± 11.0	50.0 ± 9.9	51.4 ± 10.6	49.2 ± 11.2	0.521	51.5 ± 9.4	52.7 ± 9.5	55.5 ± 7.8	55.9 ± 9.1		< 0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)	23.1 ± 2.5	24.7 ± 2.3	25.3 ± 2.6	26.5 ± 2.1	< 0.001	23.6 ± 2.7	25.8 ± 3.1	26.6 ± 3.0	27.5 ± 4.0		< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	83.0 ± 6.9	88.0 ± 6.5	89.2 ± 6.3	92.1 ± 6.8	< 0.001	79.0 ± 7.0	85.2 ± 7.7	88.0 ± 7.4	88.5 ± 8.5		< 0.001
Body fat percent	20.0 ± 4.4	23.0 ± 4.2	23.4 ± 4.1	24.1 ± 3.5	< 0.001	30.1 ± 4.7	33.2 ± 5.4	34.8 ± 4.9	36.1 ± 3.8		< 0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	126.7 ± 16.9	129.4 ± 16.0	133.9 ± 18.8	133.7 ± 10.7	< 0.001	128.4 ± 20.2	131.7 ± 17.3	136.5 ± 19.1	138.5 ± 10.6		< 0.001
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	78.2 ± 11.5	79.9 ± 11.1	83.0 ± 12.2	84.2 ± 7.9	< 0.001	78.2 ± 13.2	80.7 ± 12.0	82.7 ± 11.9	82.0 ± 7.9		0.002
Total cholesterol	194.5 ± 32.2	200.6 ± 33.4	205.3 ± 34.6	204.7 ± 25.1	0.001	201.3 ± 33.0	208.3 ± 37.3	217.0 ± 36.9	225.4 ± 28.2		< 0.001
(mg/dL)
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	149.4 ± 104.9	200.2 ± 119.5	230.1 ± 161.8	230.6 ± 111.7	< 0.001	123.5 ± 93.1	164.5 ± 115.3	188.6 ± 122.0	184.0 ± 80.1		< 0.001
HDL-cholesterol	46.2 ± 10.4	43.7 ± 9.6	41.3 ± 8.3	41.7 ± 8.8	< 0.001	52.9 ± 13.4	47.3 ± 12.8	47.0 ± 12.1	47.0 ± 7.6		< 0.001
(mg/dL)
Fasting glucose	97.5 ± 23.3	101.7 ± 19.6	108.3 ± 29.4	117.2 ± 36.0	< 0.001	92.7 ± 21.2	102.9 ± 36.3	103.4 ± 27.4	109.7 ± 17.7		< 0.001
(mg/dL)
Fasting insulin (IU/L)	9.8 ± 11.4	11.9 ± 6.9	12.6 ± 7.1	13.2 ± 5.1	0.002	9.1 ± 4.9	13.9 ± 8.6	15.1 ± 9.7	16.9 ± 6.2		< 0.001
HOMA-IR	2.6 ± 5.4	3.0 ± 1.9	3.3 ± 2.0	3.9 ± 1.8	0.037	2.1 ± 1.4	3.5 ± 2.3	3.8 ± 2.5	4.5 ± 1.5		< 0.001
AST (IU/L)	22.4 ± 7.2	25.0 ± 10.0	27.5 ± 21.5	29.5 ± 8.0	< 0.001	21.0 ± 7.8	21.4 ± 11.3	23.0 ± 11.2	28.2 ± 6.3		0.013
ALT (IU/L)	23.4 ± 11.8	31.5 ± 18.3	38.3 ± 35.9	50.8 ± 19.0	< 0.001	19.2 ± 13.5	21.8 ± 13.8	26.8 ± 17.4	34.8 ± 12.9		< 0.001
γ-GT (IU/L)	45.1 ± 50.6	67.1 ± 63.4	69.4 ± 148.8	69.4 ± 42.6	0.009	23.7 ± 22.8	31.6 ± 37.7	32.8 ± 21.3	38.7 ± 11.1		< 0.001
Carotid IMT (mm)	0.71 ± 0.19	0.75 ± 0.21	0.79 ± 0.26	0.73 ± 0.13	< 0.001	0.70 ± 0.21	0.77 ± 0.23	0.79 ± 0.23	0.81 ± 0.31		< 0.001
Menopause (%)						58.2	60.9	81.5	90		< 0.001
Current smoking	47.9	46.6	42.4	42.1	0.269	5.1	5.8	1.1	10		0.345
Alcohol intake ≥ 4/wk	55.6	60.9	53	42.1	0.387	13.2	17.2	9.7	-		0.314
Carotid IMT 1.0 ≥ (mm)	10	10.5	17	5.3	0.143	6.6	12.6	8.6	20		0.145