Ketamine suppresses intestinal NF-kappa B activation and proinflammatory cytokine in endotoxic rats

Figure 4 Protective effect of ketamine on the TNF-α production in the intestine. All of the values were obtained 1 h after sepsis. Lane 1 normal saline; Lane 2 endotoxin (5 mg/kg); Lane 3 endotoxin (5 mg/kg) plus ketamine (0.5 mg/kg); Lane 4 endotoxin (5 mg/kg) plus ketamine (5 mg/kg); Lane 5 endot-oxin (5 mg/kg) plus ketamine (50 mg/kg); Lane 6 ketamine only (50 mg/kg) ^bP < 0.01 vs Lane 2.