Levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in plasma and jejunum of rats following traumatic brain injury and underlying significance in gastrointestinal dysfunction

Figure 1 Gross observation of intestinal pathology was shown as A, B, C and D. A: nearly normal morphology at TBI 3 h; B: intestinal dilation with large amount of yellowish effusion and thin edema-tous wall at 72 h following TBI; C: gastrointestinal distention at 72 h following TBI, stomach indicated by solid arrow and intestine by blank arrow; D: gastrointestinal atrophy on day 7 following TBI.