4-hydroxy-2, 3-nonenal activates activator protein-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases in rat pancreatic stellate cells

Figure 9 A,B,C: Freshly isolated PSCs were incubated with 50 mL/L serum (panel A), HNE (at 1 µmol/L, panel B), or serum-free medium (panel C) for 7 d. Morphological changes characteristic of PSC activation were assessed after staining with GFAP. Original magnification: × 10 objective. D: Total cell lysates (approximately 25 µg) were prepared from cells treated with serum-free medium (“Cont”), 50 mL/L serum (“FBS”), or HNE (at 1 µmol/L) for 7 d, and the levels of α -SMA and G3PDH were determined by Western blotting.