4-hydroxy-2, 3-nonenal activates activator protein-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases in rat pancreatic stellate cells

Figure 7 PSCs were treated with IL-1β (2 ng/mL, “IL”) or HNE (at 1 or 5 µmol/L ) in serum-free medium. After 24 h, culture supernatant was harvested, and the MCP-1 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data shown are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6). ^bP < 0.01 versus con-trol (“Con”, serum-free medium only).