4-hydroxy-2, 3-nonenal activates activator protein-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases in rat pancreatic stellate cells

Figure 1 PSCs were incubated with HNE at the indicated con-centrations in serum-free medium for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay, and the absorbance at 570 min 690 nm (“A.”) of the sample is given. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 6). ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control.