Clinical significance of serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Preoperative serum VCAM-1 levels categorized by pathological variables

Variables	Median serum VCAM-1 (ng/mL)	P1
Background liver disease
Normal (n = 7)	462
Chronic hepatitis (n = 39)	548	0.0842
Cirrhosis (n = 50)	704	< 0.001b
Cirrhotic liver
Absent (n = 46)	546	< 0.001
Present (n = 50)	704
Tumor size
≤ 5 cm (n = 35)	686	0.158
> 5 cm (n = 61)	609
Tumor capsule
Absent (n = 66)	597	0.015
Present (n = 30)	736
Venous invasion
Absent (n = 49)	643	0.248
Present (n = 47)	574
Microsatellite nodules
Absent (n = 50)	643	0.359
Present (n = 46)	626
Edmonson grade
I/II (n = 49)	634	0.629
III/IV (n = 47)	642
pTNM stage
I/II (n = 43)	649	0.134
III/IV (n = 53)	592

pTNM: Pathological tumor-node-metastasis. ¹By Mann-Whitney U test;

²Compared with normal nontumorous liver;

^bP < 0.001 compared with both normal liver and chronic hepatitis.