Influence of capsaicin infusion on secondary peristalsis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Figure 1 Influence of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce on heartburn symptom. A: Capsaicin infusion induces a significant increase in the visual analog scale for heartburn symptom when compared with saline (P < 0.001); B: The visual analog scale for heartburn symptom is significantly decreased by repeated capsaicin infusion than first session of capsaicin infusion (P = 0.003). Values are expressed as mean ± SE of the mean. Line represents the mean value.

Figure 2 Influence of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce on distension threshold to induce secondary peristalsis during rapid air injection. A: The threshold volume for inducing secondary peristalsis is significantly decreased after capsaicin when compared with saline infusion (P = 0.001); B: Secondary peristalsis is triggered more frequently after capsaicin infusion than saline infusion (P = 0.01). Values are expressed as mean ± SE of the mean or median with interquartile range. Line represents the mean or median value.

Figure 3 Influence of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce on the prevalence of successive secondary peristalsis during slow air injection. A: The prevalence of patients with successive secondary peristalsis increases after capsaicin infusion than saline infusion (P = 0.001); B: There are no difference in the prevalence of patients with successive secondary peristalsis between first and second capsaicin infusions (P = 0.18).

Figure 4 Influence of repeated capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce on distension threshold to induce secondary peristalsis during rapid air injection. A: The threshold volume for inducing secondary peristalsis is significantly greater after second infusion of capsaicin than first infusion of capsaicin (P = 0.002); B: Secondary peristalsis is triggered less frequently after second infusion of capsaicin than first infusion of capsaicin (P = 0.02). Values are expressed as mean ± SE of the mean or median with interquartile range. Line represents the mean or median value.