Role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: What have we learnt in the past 10 years?

Figure 1 The Venn diagram depicts the overlapping role of the gut microbiome, host and environmental factors in the aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiome may be influenced by diet and other environmental factors and predispose to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A small proportion of IBD patients have demonstrable genetic susceptibility factors. NOD2: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; ATG16L1: Autophagy related protein 16-like 1; IL-23R: Interleukin 23 receptor.