Human liver tissue metabolic profiling research on hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 1 Pathological image of hepatocellular carcinoma tissues (hematoxylin-eosin staining, × 100). A: Moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cancer emboli were observable in vessels; B: Moderately differentiated HCC, focal carcinoma tissue was observed in adjacent liver tissue.

Figure 2 Total ion chromatogram of tissue metabolic profiling. This was the total ion chromatogram of one single sample chosen randomly. Distant: Distant tissue group; Adjacent: Adjacent tissue group; Central: Central tumor tissue group; RT: Retention time.

Figure 3 Score plot of principal component [t(1)] for quality control principal component analysis model. Each point represents a quality control sample.

Figure 4 Ability of metabolic profiling to distinguish disease in tissue samples. A: Score plot of the first two components [t(1)/t(2)] of the tissue metabolic profiling principal component analysis model; B: Score plot of metabolic profiling orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model. Each point in the figure represents a sample. Distant: Distant tissue group; Adjacent: Adjacent tissue group; Central: Central tumor tissue group.

Figure 5 Selecting process of characteristic metabolites. A: Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model of the central tumor tissue group and distant tissue group, each point in the figure represents a sample; B: Variable importance (VIP) diagram with confidence interval (green bars were excluded metabolites, the others were target metabolites); C: Coefficient plot of included variants in the VIP diagram (variants marked by arrows were excluded metabolites); D: S-plot of selected ions passed last two steps of filtering (points marked by red frame represent characteristic metabolites). Distant: Distant tissue group; Central: Central tumor tissue group.