Topical application of glycyrrhizin preparation ameliorates experimentally induced colitis in rats

Figure 1 Effects of glycyrrhizin preparation and glycyrrhizin treatments on body weight gain (A), colon wet weight (B), and macroscopic damage score (C) in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Data are expressed as the mean ± SE of five rats. GL-p: Glycyrrhizin preparation. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01.

Figure 2 Effects of the addition of sodium CMC to glycyrrhizin preparation on body weight gain (A), colon wet weight (B), and macroscopic damage score (C) in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Data are expressed as the mean ± SE of five rats. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01. CMC: Carboxymethyl cellulose.

Figure 3 Expressions of cytokines and chemokines in the extract of colonic mucosa by cytokine antibody array analysis. GL-p: Glycyrrhizin preparation; CINC: Cytokine-induced chemoattractant; CNTF: Ciliary neurotrophic factor; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN: Interferon; IL: Interleukin; LIX: Lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine; MCP: Monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP: Macrophage inflammatory protein; NGF: Nerve growth factor; TIMP: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor. n = 3 in each group. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01.

Figure 4 Glycyrrhizin preparation and myeloperoxidase activity. A: Effects of glycyrrhizin preparation (GL-p) treatment on myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the mucosa of rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis (n = 5 in each group); B: Effects of GL-p on MPO activity in the mucosal extract (n = 5 in each group); C: Effects of GL-p on MPO activity of purified human enzyme. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01.